Fumaric Acid Unit Converter

Fumaric acid (fumarate) is a small organic acid and a key intermediate in the TCA cycle (also called the Krebs cycle), the central energy-producing pathway in every cell.

In the TCA cycle, succinate is converted to fumarate, which is then converted to malate. Measuring fumaric acid in plasma provides a window into how well your mitochondria are producing energy and whether certain metabolic pathways are functioning normally.

Fumarate also participates in the urea cycle (which disposes of nitrogen waste) and the purine nucleotide cycle (which regenerates ATP during intense exercise), connecting energy production to several other essential processes.

Fumaric acid is produced inside the mitochondria of virtually every cell, primarily through the TCA cycle (from succinate) and the urea cycle (in the liver). Smaller amounts come from amino acid breakdown, the purine nucleotide cycle in skeletal muscle, and skin metabolism during UV exposure.